Jaintia
Hills District
Area, Population & Sex Ratio
Geographical Area : 3819.0 Km2
Population in Jaintia Hills (Census 2011)
Total Population
Total : 392,852
Male : 195,641
Female : 197,211
Under 6 population
Total : 86674
Male : 44012
Female : 42662
Disabled population
Total disabled population : 2538
In seeing : 1297
In speech : 314
In hearing : 265
In movement : 350
Mental : 312
Rank ( VoiceOfBharat.org Analysis
)

Brief About Jaintia Hills District
Jaintia Hills District is a part of the erstwhile
Jaintia Kingdom which is also known as Sutnga Kingdom prior to the
dawn of legends and chronicles in the annals of history. At present
Jaintia is the name of the district which was created on the 22nd
February 1972, a month after the State of Meghalaya was accorded
the status of statehood, carved out from the existing state of Assam
in the North Eastern part of India. It constitutes the eastern most
part of Meghalaya with a residuary geographical area of 3819 Sq.
Km. The area lies between east longitude 91.59 deg. and 92.45 deg.
and between north latitude 25.3 deg. and 25.45 deg. It is bounded
on the north and east by the state of Assam, on the south by Bangladesh
and on the west by the East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya. The
Jaintia Hills District lies between Latitudes 20degrees 58minutes
and 26degrees 3 minutes North and Longitudes 91degrees 59minutes
and 92degrees 51minutes East The present day Jaintia Hills District
is but a remnant of the erstwhile Jaintia Kingdom which had been
subjected to repeated divisions and partitions since the advent
of the British in the North Eastern region and immediately after
India's Independence. Being one of the oldest states in the region,
it was mentioned in the Puranic and Tantrik literature. It was computed
by scholars that U Chyngklein Am, the eldest son of KA Li Dakha
and U Luh Ryndi, ruled the Jaintia state in the 3rd century B.C.
This district has one of the largest collections of ancient monolith,
menhirs and tomb stones. After Meghalaya became a full-fledged state
in 1972, the Khasi and the Jaintia Hills were constituted under
one administrative unit but later it was change. The District Council
was introduced in the hill areas in 1952. Khasi and Jaintia Hills
were put together but a separate District Council was created for
each of these tribal groups
History
In Jaintia Hills society, it is found that villages which clustered
around a particular area recognize themselves as the components
of a single political entity. Villages then appears as 'elaka '
(province) of a single settlement which is unitary in type. The
Chief of this elaka is called Doloi and he is the territorial ruler
and he represents the Rajship of his elaka. Doloi can be elected
from the seniority clan which is strictly maintained, and a Doloi
can be removed from his office by his people, for his misrule or
corruption. Dolois also performs certain ritual functions and so
generally, the Doloi should be of traditional religion, but nowadays
there are exceptions also. And in this case, when the Doloi is not
of traditional religion, a Doloi 'niam' should be there side by
side for the performance of the rituals. The aggregation of
elakas which differs in sizes formed the Jaintia Syiemship
(kingship). Sutnga Syiemship is regarded as a mother Syiemship.
There is a difference between the administration of the paramount
chief (Raja) and the administration of the Doloi in Jaintia Hills.
Dolois represent the people of their respective elaka
in the Raja's Durbar. This kind of administrative set up is the
foremost administrative unit in Jaintia Hills. This old political
system of government still continues to exist till date except
for the Raja. The Doloi has his own durbar as well as the
Rajah. There are durbars of different denominations, like village
durbar, Elaka Durbar, Syiem Durbar. The power of the Rajah and the
Doloi were checked by the durbars of their respective areas. The
durbars provide opportunities to people to participate in their
own affairs. The Durbar checks the functionaries of the government.
Therefore, consent is the basis of political authority.
Jaintia Hills was originally known in the local parlance as 'Ka
Ri Khadar Doloi' or ' The Land of the Twelve Tribal Chiefs'. Because
in those ancient days, Jaintia Hills was ruled by the twelve Dolois
who had their own Elakas, boundaries, power to govern and a sizeable
population.
population
The population of the district
as per the 1991 census is 2,20,473 out of which 1,99,872 are the
ruralites and 20601 are the urbanites. The population of Scheduled
Tribes is 2,10,558 whereas the number of persons belonging to Scheduled
Castes is only 747 and others is 9168. The population of male and
female is 111753 and 108720 respectively. The demographic figures
depicting the occupational structure in the District according to
1991 census is 99,848 out of which 59,114 are cultivators, 15,159
are Agril. laborers and 25,575 other workers. The Total number of
Marginal workers is 2538. The density of population as per 1991
Census is 58 persons per 1km square and the population for Jowai
conglomeration is 20601 souls.
Geography
The general Geological formation of the District is characterized
by the presence of rocks belonging to the age group of Achaean and
tertiary. The plateau is composed of granites, phyllite, genesis,
sandstone and limestone. This is more or less identical with the
other parts of Meghalaya plateau. Climate :-Although Jaintia Hills,
like Khasi Hills is enjoying a remarkably pleasant climate, yet
rainfall profile is very high during the South -West monsoon, which
usually starts from the middle of May and declines towards the last
part of September. Jowai town experienced a rainfall of 1854.20mm
in the month of June during the year 2000. The intensity of rainfall
in the District during the last few years has registered a rising
trend, due to the untimely vagary of monsoon coupled by the existence
of fogs, mists and nimbus clouds which loom large during the rainy
season, the indiscriminate felling down of trees, jhuming, unscientific
extraction of coal and other ecology degrading factors. This phenomenon
has brought about high percolation rate which resulted in soil erosion.
The minimum and maximum temperature recorded at Jowai town during
2000 is 14 degree centigrade and 24 degree centigrade respectively.
The Percentage of relative humidity in Jowai is 85% in the month
of October and 30% in the month of February 1999
Physiography
Jaintia Hills being a component of the Meghalaya Plateau has
its physiographical features almost similar to that of Khasi Hills.
The only difference is that Jaintia Hills has comparably more flat
topography with a mild gradient. The Hills gently slope towards
Brahmaputra valley of Assam in the North and overlook the gentle
plains of Bangladesh in the South. The Marangksih peak on the Eastern
plateau of Jaintia Hills stands majestically at the elevation of
1631 meters from the mean sea level of Karachi and is the highest
peak in the entire District. The main elevation of the District
ranges between 1050m to 1350m with Jowai which was established in
the year 1972 as its Headquarter lies on the central plateau. In
general, the whole District is full of rugged and undulating terrains
with the exception of the deep gorges, steep precipice and narrow
valleys carved out by the rivers of Umngot, Myntdu, Lukha, Myntang
and a good number of other turbulent streams that drain out all
over the District. The Jaintia Hills is richly endowed with natural
resources and in the by gone days was endowed with rich flora and
fauna. But gradually, the harmony and quintessence of this remarkable
eco-system have been disturbed and degraded by various ecological
and alike physical factors viz. unscientific mining operation, deforestation,
jhuming, soil erosion etc. etc coupled with population pressure.
However, with the moratorium recently imposed by the Supreme Court
of India on the felling down of trees for commercial purposes such
renewable forest resources are being replenished and the fading
scenery is being rejuvenated and restored to its pristine glory
and nature making the land fit for god to live in.
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