Arunachal Pradesh
Geographical Area : 83743
Population in 2001 : 10 97 968
Estimated population in 2025 : 14 27 000
Provisional Numbers in Census 2011
Arunachal Pradesh population as percentage of India : 0.11%
Population in 2011 : 13,82,611
Males 7,20,232
Females 6,62,379
Sex ratio : 920
Under 6 Sex ratio : 960
Number of Districts : 16
Number of habitated villages : 3,863
Capital
Itanagar
Principal Languages
Monpa, Miji, Aka, Sherdukpen, Nyishi, Apatani, Tagin, Hill Miri,
Adi, Digaru-Mismi, Idu-Mishmi, Khamti, Miju-Mishmi, Nocte, Tangsa
and Wancho.
History and Geography
Arunachal Pradesh, the erstwhile North-East Frontier Agency shares
international boundaries with Bhutan, Tibet, China and Myanmar to
the west, north-east, north and east respectively, and the state
boundaries with Assam and Nagaland. The terrain consists of submontane
and mountainous ranges, sloping down to the plains of Assam, divided
into valleys by the rivers Kameng, Subansiri, Siang, Lohit and Tirap.
There are practically no records relating to the history of this
area, except some oral literature and a number of historical ruins
found mainly in the foothills. Subsequent explorations and excavations
have identified the ruins as dating approximately from the early
Christian era. The historical evidence indicates that not only was
the area well known, but the people living here had close relations
with the rest of the country too.
Modern history of Arunachal Pradesh begins with the inception of
British rule in Assam after the treaty of Yandaboo, concluded on
24 February 1826.
Before 1962, the area was popularly known as the NEFA, and was
constitutionally a part of Assam. Because of its strategic importance,
however, it was administered by the Ministry of External Affairs
until 1965, and subsequently by the Ministry of Home Affairs, through
the Governor of Assam. In 1972, it was constituted as a Union Territory
and renamed Arunachal Pradesh. On 20 February 1987, it became the
24th state of the Indian Union.
Festivals
Some of the important festivals of the State are: Mopin and Solung
of the Adis, Lossar of the Monpas and Boori-boot of the Hill Miris,
Sherdukpens, Dree of the Apatanis, Si-Donyi of the Tagins, Reh of
the ldu-Mishmis, Nyokum of the Nishs, etc. Animal sacrifice is a
common ritual in most festivals.
Agriculture and Horticulture
Agriculture is the mainstay of the people of Arunachal Pradesh,
and had mainly depended on jhum cultivation. Encouragement is being
given to the cultivation of cash crops like potatoes and horticulture
crops like apples, oranges and pineapples.
Industries and Minerals
For conservation and explorations of vast minerals, the APMDTCL
were set up in 1991. Namchik-Namphuk coal fields are taken up by
APMDTCL. To provide training to craftsmen in different trades, there
are five Government Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) functioning
in the state at Roing, Tabarijo, Dirang, Yupia & Miao. ITI Yupia,
located at Papum Pare District it is the only ITI exclusive to Women
in Arunachal Pradesh.
Irrigation and Power
An area of more than 87,500 hectares has been irrigated in Arunachal
Pradesh. The installed capacity of the State is about 30,735 MW.
Around 2,600 villages have been electrified out of 3,649 villages
in the State.
Transport
Roads: Arunachal Pradesh has 330 km of national highway
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